Prioritisation of Barriers to Bioenergy Industry Development: A Weight-Based Assessment to Inform Policy Design
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7166/37-2-3385Abstract
Bioenergy advances Indonesia’s net zero emission targets by using biomass from agricultural, forestry, and livestock residues; however, progress is limited by political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal barriers. This study combines the analytical hierarchy process, stakeholder clustering, and the ‘5 Whys’ root-cause analysis to prioritise barriers, to compare the perceptions of governments, financial institutions, and private companies, and to identify structural drivers. The most significant investment barriers are high capital costs, complex permitting, inconsistent policies, feedstock price fluctuations, and limited financing. Through developing a policy-to-barriers influence matrix, policy packages recommend long-term agreements with transparent tariffs, the designation of national strategic projects, and the reform of fossil-fuel subsidies.
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